A Novel Research and Clinical Approach to Using Gel Liners for Collection of Surface Myoelectric Signals for Prosthetic Control

For more than two decades, individuals with lower limb amputations have been successfully fitted with gel liners constructed from a variety of materials. Prosthetists have also reported moderate success with gel liners fit to individuals with upper limb amputations who use externally powered prostheses. At the Center for Bionic Medicine, we have explored a novel approach to collecting myoelectric signals from individuals with lower limb or upper limb amputations—using electrodes embedded in gel liners. Initial designs have proven more comfortable and easier to don than traditional suction sockets and have allowed us to eliminate the need for separate connection of pre-amplifiers. We believe this technology will be of benefit to individuals with upper or lower limb amputations and eliminate some of the clinical challenges and reported drawbacks of current myoelectric fittings. The next step is to combine the new liner technology with advanced electronics to control actuated drive units in both upper limb and lower limb prostheses. In this contribution we describe the evolution of this liner technology from initial experiences through current status to future directions.